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Malama Amina Saleh Mande
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Khalifancin Abubakar Dan Abu Quhafah Raliyallahu Anhu 1
==============================================
Cikakken sunan Sahabi Abubakar shi ne, Abdullahi dan Usmanu dan Amiru dan Amru dan Ka'abu dan Sa'adu dan Taimu dan Murratu. Zumuncinsa da Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama ya hadu ne a kakansa na shida "Murratu" wanda shi ma kaka ne na shida ga Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama.
Ana yi masa laqabi da "Atiqu", ana kuma kiransa Abubakar, sannan ya shahara da "Siddiqu", sunan da ya samu bayan da ya gaskata Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama a lokacin da mutane ke qaryata shi.
Iyayensa:
Sunan Babansa Usman. Ana kuma yi masa alkunya da Abu Quhafa.
Mahaifiyarsa sunanta Ummul Khair, Salmah diyar Sakhr ita ma daga qabila daya ta fito da babansa, wato qabilar Banu Taim wadda qaramar qabila ce qwarai idan aka kwatanta ta da irin Banu Abdi Manaf da Banu Makhzum da sauransu.
Haifuwarsa:
An haife shi a garin Makka a shekara ta hamsin da daya kafin Hijira. Don haka Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama ya girme shi da shekara biyu da watanni kadan.
Siffofinsa:
Abubakar mutum ne fari, Siriri, Mai zurfin ido, da babban goshi. Ga shi kuma ya dan sunkuya kadan. Saboda sirirantakarsa, wando ba ya dauruwa da kyau a qugunsa.

Khalifancin Abubakar Dan Abu Quhafah Raliyallahu Anhu 02
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Dabi'unsa da Halayensa:
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Abubakar Raliyallahu Anhu ya kasance daya daga cikin fitattun 'yan kasuwa masu fatauci. An bayyana shi da halin kirki da kyauta. Quraishawa na darajanta shi saboda dattakunsa da karimcinsa.
Yana daga cikin abin da ke bayyana kaifin hankalinsa, haramta wa kansa shan giya da ya yi shi da abokinsa Usman dan Affan. Ba wanda ya taba kurba ta daga cikinsu tun kafin bayyanar Musulunci.
An ba da labarin cewa, tun asali Abubakar ya haramta wa kansa shan giya ne saboda ya ga wani mutum da ya bugu da ita yana sanya hannunsa a cikin najasa ya kuma nufi bakinsa, kana idan ya ji wari sai ya janye hannunsa daga bakin. Daga nan ne Abubakar ya qyamace ta har ya yi rantsuwa ba zai sha ta ba.
Haka ma bai taba bautar gumaka ba domin da Allah ya nufi kawar da shi daga wannan sai mahaifinsa ya je da shi yana yaro ya kai shi a wurin gumaka ya sanar da shi cewa, ga iyayengijinsa nan wadanda ake bauta, ya tafi ya bar shi a nan. Shi kuma Abubakar da ya ji yunwa sai ya roqe su abinci bai ji sun ce masa uffan ba, ya roqe su ruwa ba su ce masa ci kanka ba. Daga nan ya tofa ma su yawu, ya zage su, ya tafiyarsa yana mai tsananin qyamarsu da qaurace masu.
Haka ma Abubakar bai iya waqa ba. Ba za mu yi mamakin wadannan dabi'un na Siddiqu ba sanin cewa, shi babban aboki ne, masoyi ga shugabanmu Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama tun zamanin quruciya har manyanci. Mutum na kirki kuwa daga abokanshi ake ganewa.

Khalifancin Abubakar Dan Abu Quhafah Raliyallahu Anhu 3
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Iyalinsa:
========
Abubakar Raliyallahu Anhu ya auri mata biyu kafin Musulunci, biyu bayan Musulunci. Matansa na farko sun hada da:
1.Qutailah diyar Abdul Uzzah, wadda ta haifa masa Abdullahi da Asma'u.
2.Ummu Ruman diyar Amir ‘yar qabilar Kinanata, wadda ta haifa masa Abdul Rahman da Uwar Muminai A'ishah.
Matansa na daga bisani kuwa sun hada da:
1.Asma'u Diyar Umais, wadda ta fara auren Ja'afar Dan Abu Dalib. A bayan rasuwar Abubakar kuma ta auri Ali Dan Abu Dalib. A ko wane gida daga gidajen uku da ta yi aure ta haifi Muhammad. A wurin Ali kuma ra haifi Yahya da Aunu kamar yadda za mu gani a nan gaba.
2.Habibah diyar Kharijah daga cikin Ansaru (Mutanen Madina), ya rasu ya bar ta da cikin 'yar autarsa Ummu Kulsum

Khalifancin Abubakar Dan Abu Quhafah Raliyallahu Anhu 04
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Matsayinsa Kafin Zuwan Musulunci
============================
Abubakar ya yi fice a zamanin jahiliyyah da ilmin da ake kira Ansab, sanin dangantakar mutane da tarihin gidajensu da abubuwan arziki ko rashin arzikin da suka gudana a tsakanin mutane ko a tsakanin qabilu. Sannan kuma shi ne wakilin reshen gidansu a majalisar zartastawa ta quraishawa wadda ta hada rassa goma na wannan qabilar, ko wane gida yana da aikinsa da wanda yake wakilatarsa. Ga su kamar haka:
1.Banu Hashim: Su ke kula da shayar da alhazzai ruwa. Wakilinsu a Majlisa shi ne Abbas Dan Abdul Muddalib, baffan Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama. Wannan ofis nasu ya ci gaba da aiki bayan zuwan Musulunci.
2.Banu Umayyah: Su ke riqe da tutar quraishawa, kuma su ke riqon qwarya duk lokacin da aka rasa shugaba kafin a hadu a kan sabon da za a nada. Wakilinsu a Majlisa shi ne Abu Sufyan dan Harb.
3.Banu Naufal: Su ke kula da asusun tallafi na taimakon alhazan da guzuri ya yanke masu. Wakilinsu shi ne Al Haris dan Amir.
4.Banu Abdid Dar: Su ke kula da wanke Ka'aba da tufatar da ita. Wakilinsu shi ne Usman dan Dalha.
5.Banu Asad: Su ke da ofishin Sakatariya. Duk shawarar da aka yanke su ke sa mata hannu kafin a aiwatar da ita. Wakilinsu shi ne Yazid dan Zam'ah dan Aswad.
6.Banu Taim: Su ke da alhakin hada kudi don biyan diyya idan aka sasanta masu fada da kuma biyan bashi idan wani baquraishe ya kasa. Wakilinsu shi ne Abubakar dan Abu Quhafa.
7.Banu Makhzum: Su ke kula da wurin ajiyar kayan yaqi. Wakilinsu shi ne Khalid Dan Walid.
8.Banu Adiyyin: Su ne masu kula da huldar quraishawa da sauran qabilu, musamman a wajen sha'anin yaqi da zaman lafiya. Kuma su ke da alhakin shelanta darajojin qabilarsu don ta yi kwarjini a idon sauran mutane. Wakilinsu shi ne Umar dan Khattab.
9.Banu Jumah: Su ke kula da quri’ar da ake yi don neman sa'a in za a yi tafiya ko ciniki ko aure ko makamancinsu. Wakilinsu shi ne Safwan dan Umayyah.
10.Banu Sahm: Su ke kula da tattalin arziki da abinda ya shafi gumaka. Wakilinsu shi ne Al Haris dan Qais

Khalifancin Abubakar Dan Abu Quhafah Raliyallahu Anhu 05
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Musuluntarsa
==========
Masana tarihi sun ruwaito cewa, tun kafin wahayi ya fara sauka ga Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama Abubakar ya yi wani mafarki wanda ya labarta shi ga babban malamin nan masanin addinin Nasara da ake ce ma Bahirah. Sai ya tambaye shi daga ina ka fito? Ya ce masa daga Makka. Ya ce, kai wane iri ne? Ya ce masa, Baquraishe. Ya ce, mene ne sana'arka? Ya ce, Fatauci. Bahira ya ce, idan Allah ya gaskata mafarkinka to, wani Manzo zai bayyana daga cikin jama'arka, za ka taimaka masa a rayuwarsa, kuma ka wakilce shi bayan mutuwarsa.

A wata tafiya kuma da ya yi zuwa qasar Yaman ya samu bushara mai kama da wannan daga wurin wani malami daga qabilar Azd.

A lokacin da Allah madaukakin Sarki ya aiko Manzonsa, Abubakar bai yi wata wata ba ya gaskata shi yana mai cewa, bamu taba gwada qarya a kanka ba, kuma ka cancanci manzanci saboda tsaron amanarka da sada zumuncinka da kyakkyawar zamantakewarka da jama'a. Daga nan kuma Abubakar ya ci gaba da zama na hannun daman Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama har in da mai raba masoya ta raba su.

Khalifancin Abubakar Dan Abu Quhafah Raliyallahu Anhu 06
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Gudunmawarsa Ga Addini
=====================
Kasancewarsa mutum mai arziki, dattijo, kuma na hannun daman Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama ya ba shi damar taimaka ma addinin Musulunci ta hanyoyi da dama; A Makka ya kasance mai ba da kariya ga Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama daga musgunawa da cin zarafin da mushrikai su ke masa. Har ma Ali Dan Abu Dalib yake cewa, bayan mutuwar Abu Dalib babu wanda yake ce wa kafirai tinqanzil idan suna musguna ma Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama sai Abubakar. Ga kuma dukiyarsa da ya yi amfani da ita wajen ci gaban addini har ma Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama da kansa yake cewa, "Dukiyar kowa ba ta amfane ni ba kamar yadda dukiyar Abubakar ta amfane ni".

Abubakar ya taya Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama wajen kiran mutane zuwa ga Musulunci inda ya janyo musuluntar kusan dukkan muqarrabansa da amintattunsa kamar su Usmanu Dan Affan da Zubairu Dan Awwam da Dalhatu Dan Ubaidullah da Abdur Rahman Dan Aufu da Sa'adu Dan Abu Waqqas wadanda dukkansu suna cikin mutane goma da Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama ya yi wa bushara da aljanna. Sannan daga bisani ya musuluntar da Usmanu dan Maz'un da Amiru (Abu Ubaidah) dan Jarrah da Arqamu dan Abul Arqam da Abu Salamata al Makhzumi wadanda su ne magabatan farko a shiga Musulunci.

Abubakar ya gina wani qaramin Masallaci a farfajiyar gidansa da ke Makka inda yake Sallah da karatun Alqur'ani. Ga shi kuwa mutum mai dadin sauti da laushin murya wadda yake garwaya ta da kukan tsoron Allah, abinda ya sa da dama daga talakawan Makka suka rinqa zuwa saurarensa, wasunsu kuma a dalilin haka suka musulunta. Kuma duk barazanar da mushrikai su kayi masa a kan wannan ba ta sa ya daina ba.

A lokacin da yawan musulmi ya kai mutum tamanin da uku sai Abubakar ya nemi manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama da su fito fili su yi kira zuwa ga gaskiya. Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama ya lurar da shi irin hadarin da ke tattare da daukar wannan mataki a daidai wannan lokaci, amma Abubakar ya nace akan cewa sai su gwada sa’arsu. Hakan ko aka yi. To, amma fa ba wanda ya biya harajin wannan kasada sai shi Abubakar din. Domin kuwa fitowar su ke da wuya, da suka isa masallaci sai Abubakar ya tashi don ya gabatar da Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama zuwa ga mutane. Ai kuwa ba su bari ya rufe bakinsa ba sai suka fara yi wa musulmi a ture cikin masallaci mai alfarma. Nan take kuwa suka tarwatsa taron musulmi. Sannan suka far ma Abubakar da duka har sai da suka kai shi qasa. Sannan Utbatu dan Rabi’ata ya dale akan cikinsa yana amfani da takalma wajen dukan fuskarsa. Bai gushe ba yana yi masa duka har sai da hankalinsa ya gushe, fuskarsa ta yi jina jina har ba a iya banbanta hancinsa da bakinsa.

Qabilar Abubakar ta Banu Taimin sun yo ciri don su ceci dan uwansu. Amma ko da suka zo gayya ta gama aiki, mushrikai sun yi ta’adin da suke so akan Abubakar. Suka dauke shi a halin suma suna tsammanin ya mutu suka kuma lashi takobin idan ya mutu zasu kashe Utbatu dan Rabi’ata abinda kuwa da ya faru babu shakka zai haifar da wani gagarumin yaqi a tsakanin quraishawa. Amma sai Allah ya kiyaye, Abubakar ya farfado can a cikin dare. Kalma ta farko kuwa da ta fito bakinsa ita ce, ina Manzon Allah? —

Khalifancin Abubakar Dan Abu Quhafah Raliyallahu Anhu 07
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Damana mai ban samu
==================
Abubakar ya yi amfani da dukiyarsa wajen sayen bayi, talakawa wadanda ake azabtar da su a kan Musulunci kamar Amiru dan Fuhairata wanda yake ya hada uwa da 'yarsa Nana A'ishah. Abubakar ya saye shi daga hannun Dufail dan Abdullahi dan Haris wanda yake azabtar da shi, Sannan Abubakar ya diyauta shi, ya samu damar yin addininsa har ma ya halarci yaqe - yaqen Badar da Uhud, ya kuma samu shahada a yaqin Mu'unah.
Haka shi ma Bilal Dan Abu Rabah (Ladanin Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama Abubakar ya same shi ana azabtar da shi sai ya saye shi daga mai gidansa Umayyatu dan Khalaf, ya diyauta shi. Shi ma kuma ya halarci yaqe - yaqen Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama.
Sai Zinnirah, wata baiwar Allah da Umar dan Khaddabi ya mallake ta kafin musuluntarsa, ya kuwa rinqa azabtar da ita har sai da ta rasa idanunta, Sannan sai Mushrikai suka ce, Lata da Uzza sun la'ance ta shi ya sa ta ma kance. Amma imaninta da Allah ya sa Madaukakin Sarki ya mai da mata da ganinta, sai suka ce, wannan yana cikin sihirin Manzon Allah. A kan wannan baiwar Allah da izgilin da mushrikai ke yi wa Musulunci a kanta aya ta sha daya daga suratul Ahqaf ta sauka. Abubakar ya fitar da ita daga qangin bauta don ta samu 'yancin ba da tata gudunmawa ga addinin Allah.
Ba wadannan kadai Abubakar ya saya ya 'yanta su saboda Allah ba, akwai wasu bayi daga qabilun Banu Adiyyin da Banu Abdi Shamsin su ma sun more ma karimcin Abubakar da kishinsa ga addini wajen samun wannan babbar garabasar da yake neman yardar Allah da Manzonsa a kanta.

Khalifancin Abubakar Dan Abu Quhafah Raliyallahu Anhu 08
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Wasu Daga Cikin Darajojinsa
=======================
Babu wani daga cikin Sahabban Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama wanda ya tara darajoji, musamman wadanda ya kebanta da su kamar Abubakar.
Daga cikin darajojinsa akwai tsananin kusancinsa ga Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama da kasancewarsa abokin sirrinsa. Misali shi kadai ne wanda Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama ya sanar da shi yana son Hafsah kafin ya yi maganar aurenta.
Ga kuma ayoyin Alqur'ani da suka sauka suna yaba ma halayensa na jarunta da karimci da tsoron Allah.
Ga shi kuma ya tara dukkan ayyukan alheri da suka sa za a kira shi ta dukkan qofofin aljanna.
Ga kuma fifikonsa na ilmi a kan sauran Sahabbai, domin dukkansu sun aminta cewa, bayan dai ya kebanta da sanin ilmin nasaba (Dangatakar mutane da sanin tarihin kakanninsu) kuma shi ne ya fi su ilmi daga Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama. Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama ya yi mafarkin an kawo masa madara a cikin wata qwarya sai ya sha har ta gudana a tsakanin fatarsa da tsokarsa, Sannan sai ya bai wa Abubakar. Sahabbai suka fassara wannan da cewa, ilmin da Allah ya ba shi ne ya rage wa Abubakar. Sai Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama ya ce, kun yi daidai! Kun yi daidai!!.
Abubakar kuma shi ne mafi tsentseni da tsoron Allah a cikinsu. Saboda tsentseninsa ne ya taba amaye madarar da ya sha domin ya yi shakkar halalcinta. Haka kuma Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama ya ba shi shedar tawali'u da rashin girman kai a lokacin da ya ce masa, kai ba ka jan wandonka saboda girman kai.
Imaninsa kuwa ya rinjayi na sauran jama'a kamar yadda Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama ya bayyana a wurare da dama.
Shi kadai ne yake fatawa a gaban Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama, shi kuma kadai ne yake wakiltarsa a abinda ya kebance shi kamar limancin Sallah da jagorancin Hajji da makamantansu.

Khalifancin Abubakar Dan Abu Quhafah Raliyallahu
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Anhu 09
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Abubakar ya zama khalifan farko:
==========================
Ba zai yiwu ga duk wata al'umma mai cin gashin kanta ba ta wayi gari kuma ta maraita ba wani shugaba a kanta. Wannan shi zai fassara irin hanzarin da aka yi wajen tsayar da wanda zai gadi Manzon Rahmah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama. A yammacin ranar litinin ne wadda Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama ya cika a cikinta, Abubakar ya samu labarin cewa, Ansaru, mutanen Madina sun yi gangami a wani waje da ake kira Saqifa, can arewacin birni, sun fara nazarin sha'anin khalifanci a bayan Manzo Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama. Kai tsaye Abubakar ya tasar ma wurin wannan taron na Ansar domin ya gane ma idonsa irin wainar da ake toyawa. A tare da shi akwai mutane biyu daga cikin manyan Muhajirai, su ne; Umar dan Khaddabi da Amiru (Abu Ubaidata) dan Jarrah wadanda bisa ga sa'a ne ya hadu da su ba tare da an je nemansu don su halarci taron ba.

Da Abubakar ya iso wurin taron sai ya nemi su gabatar masa da bayanin abin da su ke ciki. Magabata daga cikinsu su kayi jawabai cike da yabawa ga kawunansu da bayyana irin matsayinsu a Musulunci. Umar ya so a ba shi dama bayan haka ya yi magana, amma Abubakar ya neme shi da ya dakata. Sannan shi Abubakar din ya yi wani gajeren jawabi wanda ya tabbatar ma Ansaru da duk abin da suka fadi na falala har ma da qari a kan hakan. Ya qara da cewa, amma kuma kun sani mutane ba za su iya miqa wuya ga wata qabila ba sai ta quraishawa. Wannan shi ya sa Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama ya ba da umurnin tsayar da khalifanci a cikinsu. Sannan ya tambayi daya daga cikin manyan shugabannin Ansar, Sa'adu dan Ubadah (wanda shi ne Ansar su ke son su nada a matsayin khalifa) cewa, ko ka ji wannan bayani daga Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama? Sa'adu ya ce, eh. Ganin haka ta faru, ga gaskiya ta fito ga fili cewa, akwai matsala wani ba Baquraishe ba ya jibinci wannan lamari, kuma ga umurnin Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama wanda shugaban nasu ya yi iqirari a kansa, sai jikinsu ya yi sanyi, ya kasance ba abinda ya rage a kansu sai miqa wuya ga gaskiya.

Don haka nan take Abubakar ya ce ma su, to, in haka ne, ni na aminta ku nada dayan wadannan biyu da ke tare da ni Umar ko Abu Ubaidah domin ko wannensu ya cancanta. Fadin haka da Abubakar ya yi sai wani daga cikin Ansaru ya ce, ni na samar maku da wata mafita mai sauqi ita ce, a nada shugabanni biyu, daya daga cikinku daya daga cikinmu. Sai Zaidu dan Sabitu (daya daga cikin Ansar din har wayau) ya ce, a'a, gaskiya dai ita ce, Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama shi ne ya kasance shugaba, mu kuma mu ne mataimakansa. Don haka, su nada khalifa mu kuma mu taimaka masa.

A nan ne Umar ya yi wata magana wadda ta dada kashe masu jiki baki daya. Ya ce, ya ku jama'a! Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama fa shi ne ya nada Abubakar don ya ba mu Sallah. A cikinmu wa nene yake iya mayar da shi baya shi ya shiga gaba? Da haka dai Umar ya nemi amincewar Abubakar don ya yi masa mubaya'a.

Nan takekuma sauran jama'a gaba daya suka mara masa baya ba tare da wata jayayya da ta biyo bayan hakan ba. Washegari ranar talata Abubakar ya zauna a kan mimbari sauran al'umma su kayi tasu mubaya'a musamman Muhajirai da aka yi wancan taron ba da su ba.

Amina Saleh Mande
18/04/2015

Khalifancin Abubakar Dan Abu Quhafah Radiyallahu
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Anhu 10
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Ko Ali Ya Yi Mubaya'a Ga Abubakar?
============================
Manazarta sun qari junansu sani a kan wannan magana. Abinda yake tabbatacce dai shi ne, Ali ya yi mubaya'a ga Abubakar amma ba a cikin gangamin farko da aka yi ranar talata ba. To, ko akwai wani jinkiri mai yawa a tsakanin mubaya'arsa da ta sauran Sahabbai? Kuma mine ne dalilin haka? Wannan shi ne muhallin da masana su ke sabani a kansa.

Akwai dai wata muhimmiyar rana da Abubakar ya yi huduba wadda a cikinta yake cewa, Wallahi ban taba kwadayin sarauta ba a dare ko a safiya, ban kuma taba roqon Allah a kanta ba a sarari ko a boye. Bayan haka ne sai Ali da Zubairu suka tashi suka ba da hanzarinsu ga Abubakar, suna cewa, mu daman mun yarda da cancantarka ga wannan al'amari, domin munsan matsayinka a wurin Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama, kuma mun san ya umurce ka da ka bada Sallah, amma mun ji zafin ba a yi shawara da mu ba.
A riwayar Abu Sa'id al Khudri cewa ya yi, Abubakar ya duba a cikin mutane yana kan mimbari bai ga fuskar Ali ba, sai ya aika kiransa ya ce masa, ya aka yi ka na qanin Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama kuma surukinsa sannan ka ke son ka raba kan Musulmi? Sai Ali ya ce masa, kada ka damu, ya miqa hannunsa ya yi masa mubaya'a.

Daga cikin ra'ayoyin malamai kan fassara rashin gaggawar mubaya'arsa akwai masu alaqanta shi da cewa, Fatimah, matarsa ta nemi a raba gadon mahaifinta Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama domin a ba ta nata kaso. Abubakar kuwa ya sanar da ita abinda ya ji daga Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama cewa, su Annabawa ba a gadonsu, abin da duk suka bari ya zama sadaqa ga Musulmi. Fatimah ta yi fushi a kan wannan magana kuma ba ta sake yi masa maganar ba har Allah ya karbi ranta.
Duk da kasancewar Abubakar ba ya da laifi a cikin wannan lamari, amma an ruwaito ya je ya roqi afuwarta a kan fushin da ta yi kuma ta yafe masa.
A ra'ayin wasu marubuta, wannan rashin jituwa a tsakanin khalifa da uwar gidan Ali shi ya janyo jinkirin da Ali ya yi wajen ba da mubaya'arsa. To, amma riwayar da mu ka ambata a baya tana nuna cewa, damuwarsa a kan rashin shawartarsa ne a lokacin da aka nada khalifa shi ya kawo jinkirin mubaya’arsa.
Duk yadda al'amarin ya kasance dai, Ali ya yi mubaya'a ga khalifa Abubakar, ko da farko ko kuma daga baya. Kuma ya shiga a cikin sha'anin gwamnatinsa, ya yi yaqi a rundunonin da su kayi faxa da wadanda su kayi ridda da wadanda suka soke rukunin Zakka. Kamar yadda ya ba da gudunmawa mai yawa wajen tafiyar da mulkin Abubakar ta hanyar shawarwarinsa masu amfani.
Jinkirin da ya yi kuma ba zai kawo gibi a sha'anin shugabanci ba, domin kamar yadda za mu gani a nan gaba, ba wani shugaban da bai gamu da irin wannan ba har shi kansa sayyiduna Ali a lokacin da nasa khalifancin ya kama.

Amina Saleh Mande
19/04/2015 —

KHALIFANCIN ABUBAKAR DAN ABU QUHAFAH
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RADIYYALAHU 011
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Ayyukan Abubakar A Lokacin Shugabancinsa

Duk da qarancin lokacinsa, Abubakar ya yi ayyuka masu muhimmanci kuma masu yawan gaske wadanda suka yada manufofin Musulunci suka kafa daularsa, kana suka ba shi kariya daga sharrin maqiya.

Tun da farko da karbar aikinsa sai da ya shigar da duk sauran dukiyar da ya mallaka a cikin taskar gwamnati a matsayin sadaka zuwa ga Musulmi. Sannan ya ci gaba da sana'arsa kamar yadda ya saba. Daga bisani Umar ya lura da rashin yiwuwar Hada aikin khalifa da kasuwanci inda ya nemi Abubakar ya dakatar da kasuwancinsa a yanka masa albashi. A lokacin da ya buqaci qarin albashi kuwa sai da Sarkin Musulmi Abubakar ya nemi iznin jama'a a kan mimbari suka aminta sai dai wani mutumin qauye guda daya da ya ce su ba su aminta ba. Abubakar ya ce masa, ai ku mutanen karkara 'yan amshi ne ga mutanen birni, in sun yarda ku sai dai ku ce Amin.

Abubakar ya kasance mai darajanta Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama qwarai da gaske. Shi ya sa a lokacin da ya karbi dukiyar farko a halifancinsa wadda ta zo masa daga Bahrain sai ya shelanta cewa, duk wanda Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama ya yi masa wani alqawari to, ya zo mu cika masa. Haka kuwa ya biya duk bashin alqawullan da Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama ya yi.

Daga cikin ayyukan khalifa Abubakar akwai tattara Alqur'ani da ya yi. Wannan kuwa ya faru ne a lokacin da aka qarasa yaqin Yamamah, aka fatattaki sojojin Musailamah, sai Abubakar ya lura da cewa, mahardatan Alqur'ani da yawa sun kwanta dama. A nan ne ya yanke shawarar a tattara Alqur'ani wuri daya a matsayin littafi a maimakon a dogara ga mahardata wadanda yaqe - yaqe na iya kawowa baya gare su.

Kasancewar Sahabbai sun tarbiyyantu a kan bin Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama sau da qafa, Umar ya yi jayayya da Abubakar a kan wannan ra'ayi nasa yana mai cewa, ya za ka aikata abin da Annabi Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama bai aikata ba? Abubakar ya nace a kan ra'ayinsa yana lurar da shi cewa, wannan aikin alheri ne da Annabi zai yi farin ciki da al'ummarsa idan ta yi shi. Kuma ma dole ne a dauki wannan mataki don kare shi Alqur'anin daga bacewa.Wannan hangen nesan na Abubakar ya taimaka ainun wajen sadar da littafin Allah zuwa ga jama'a a wurare daban daban na duniya ba tare da wani sauyi a cikinsa ba sai fa irin banbancin da ke akwai na karatun wasu kalmomi (qira'oi) wanda tun a zamanin Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama shi ya ba da izninsa don yalwantawa.

Amina Saleh Mande
24/04/2015

KHALIFANCIN ABUBAKAR DAN ABU QUHAFAH
======================================
RADIYYALAHU 012
===============
Yaqe - Yaqen Da A Ka Yi A Lokacinsa

Abubakar ya karbi ragamar khalifanci a lokacin da Larabawa su kayi ridda suka fice daga addinin Musulunci in ban da mazaunan wadannan birane, su ne; Makka da Madinah da Da'ifa da Bahrain. Kwarjinin daular Musulunci ya kusa ya tafi ga baki daya daga idon mutane ganin cewa jagoran tafiya ya kau daga duniya. A wannan lokacin ne wasu maqaryata suka bayyana kamar Al Aswad Al Anasi a qasar yaman, da Musailamah Al Thaqafi a Yamamah, da Dulaihah Al Asadi a qasar Najdu, dukkansu suna da'awar annabta. Ita ma Sajahi wata mata ce da ta yi irin wannan da’awa ta qarya.

Siddiqu ya fuskanci wannan qabubale da zuciya mai qarfin imani da nasarar Allah, babu ja da baya. Tun da farko sai ya zartas da ci gaban tafiyar rundunar Usamatu wadda Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama ya aike ta zuwa qasashen Balqa'u a kudancin Jordan da Darum ta kudancin Falasdinu kusa da yankin Gaza domin su yaqe su, su yi kira zuwa ga Musulunci. Wannan shawara da Abubakar ya yanke ta gamu da ja in ja sosai daga bangaren Sahabbai har ma da shi Usamatu din kansa, ganin cewa yanayi ya canza, ya kamata Musulmi su damu da gyara cikin gida maimakon neman fita waje, kuma musamman qasashen da suke cikin riqon Rumawa qasa ta biyu a wajen qarfin yaqi da makamai a duniya.

Abubakar dai bai sauya ra'ayinsa ba yana mai kafa hujja da cewa, Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama da kansa ne ya nanata batun tafiyar wannan runduna don haka ba abin da zai hana tafiyarsu. A cikin hikimar Gwanin Sarki wannan shawara sai ta zama alheri ga Musulmi domin kuwa duk in da wannan runduna ta shuda sai labarinta ake yi, ana mamakin irin qarfin da Musulmi su ke da shi a wannan lokaci wanda ya sa wafatin jagoransu ba ta karya su ba har ma suna nufin shelanta yaqi a qasashen waje. Wannan sai ya maido da kwarjinin Musulmi a idon sauran mutane.

Wadanda kuwa suka yanke shawarar ficewa daga Musulunci sai cikinsu ya duri ruwa suka haqiqance ba su iya ja da wannan sabuwar gwamnati, abinda ya sauqaqe ma Abubakar samun cikakkiyar nasara a kansu. Bayan kimanin kwanaki saba'in daga fitar rundunar Usamatu sai ga su sun dawo da cikakkiyar nasara da ganimomi masu tarin yawa.

Bayan haka ne Abubakar ya daga tutoci guda goma wadanda ya zabi mayaqansu da kansa don yaqi da masu ridda, ya kuma fita da kansa don ganin nasarar wadannan rundunoni duk da yake Ali Radiyallahu Anhu ya yi qoqarin nuna masa hadarin fitar da kansa in da yace masa, kar ka yi mana hasarar kanka. Irin maganar da Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama ya gaya ma Abubakar xin a yayin da ya ga kuzarinsa da quzaminsa a yaqin Badar.

Amina Saleh mande
24/04/2015

KHALIFANCIN ABUBAKAR DAN ABU QUHAFAH
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RADIYYALLAHU ANHU 13
=====================

Jagororin Yaqin Ridda

Fitattun jagororin jihadi a wannan lokaci sun hada da Khalid dan Walid wanda ya yaqi qabilun Asad da Gadfan mabiyan Dulaihah Al Asadi, daya daga cikin annabawan qarya. A qarqashin tutar Khalid kuwa akwai manyan baraden musulunci cikinsu har da Ali dan Abu Dalib.

Daga cikin jagororin har wayau akwai Ikrimah dan Abu Jahli da Shurahbilu dan Hassanah wadanda suka yaqi qabilar Banu Hanifah mabiyan Musailimah.

Daga bisani Khalid ya karbi ragamar wannan yaqin bayan ya gama da mutanen Dulaihah da magoya bayan Sajahi ba'annabiyar qarya.

Akwai kuma Khalid dan Sa'id dan Ass wanda ya je iyakokin Sham, da Amru dan Ass da ya yaqi qabilar Qudha'ah da Ala'u dan Hadhrami da ya nufaci qasar Bahrain. Wasu tutocin kuwa sun nufaci qabilun Hawazin da Banu Sulaim da Kindah da Banu Tamim da qabilun Tihama ta qasar Yaman da sauransu.

Sahabbai sun gamu da taimakon Allah mai yawa, domin kusan a duk yaqe - yaqen da suka je abokan gaba sun fi su yawa, amma qarfin imaninsu da Allah da kyakkyawar manufarsu ta kare addininsa ta sanya taimakon Allah ya zamo a gefensu. Misali a yaqin da aka fi sani da suna Harbul Yamamah yawan mayaqan Banu Hanifah ya kai mutum dubu arba'in amma sojojin Khalid dan Walid sun daure a kan haduwa da su har sai da suka kashe sama da sojoji dubu goma daga cikinsu, sannan suka kai ga Musailimah inda Wahshi ya dara masa kibiya wadda ta halaka shi.

Duka duka Musulmin da su kayi shahada a wannan yaqi ba su zarce dari shida ba. Daga baya qabilar Banu Hanifa sun nemi sulhu bisa ga tilas, Khalid ya rattaba hannunsa a kan wata yarjejeniya da su wadda a bayanta ne suka musulunta baki dayansu. Kafin haka Musulmi sun ganimanci dukiya da bayi masu yawa daga wurinsu. A cikinsu har da kuyangar Sayyiduna Ali, Khaulatu diyar Ja’afar Al Hanafiyyah wadda ita ce ta haifa masa Muhammad wanda aka fi sani da suna Ibnul Hanafiyyah (Daya daga cikin Imamai ma'asumai a wajen wasu dangarori na Shi'a).

Amina Saleh Mande
28/04/2015

KHALIFANCIN ABUBAKAR DAN ABU QUHAFAH
****************************************************************
RADIYALLAHU ANHU 14
*********************************

Bayan Gama Yaqin Ridda

Bayan da Abubakar ya haqiqance cewa, ya magance matsalar ridda, sai ya mayar da hankalinsa ga fadada daular Musulunci ta hanyar isar da saqonsa zuwa sauran qasashen qetare. Anan ne fa aka gwabza yaqe - yaqe tare da sojojin majusu na Farisa da kiristocin Sham. Mafi shahara daga cikin yaqe - yaqen da aka yi shi ne yaqin Yarmuk wanda Musulmi qimanin dubu ashirin da bakwai (27,000) suka tunkari rundunar kiristoci mai mayaqa dubu dari da ashirin (120,000). Musulmi kafin su cimma fagen wannan yaqi sun gamu da qishirwa mai tsanani wadda ta tilasta su yanka raqumansu don su samu ruwan sha.

Haka kuma sun samar da sababbin hanyoyi a cikin sunqurmin daji don taqaita tafiya.
An ba da labarin cewa, a cikin wannan yaqin ne Mahan Sarkin Ruma ya nemi ganawa da Khalid, inda ya nemi ya tozarta Musulmi yana mai cewa, mun samu labarin yunwa ta fitar da ku. Don haka, za mu sallame ku da Dinari goma goma ko wannenku. Za mu kuma ba ku tufafi da abinci, mu kuma rinqa aika maku irinsu ko wace shekara. To, da yake an ce karen bana shi ke maganin zomon bana, Khalid sai ya ba shi amsa da cewa, mu ba abinda ya kawo mu ke nan ba. Mu dai a rayuwarmu babu abin da mu ke so kamar shan jinin dan adam, sai mu ka sami labarin cewa, jinin Rumawa ya fi ko wane jinin dan adam dadi, shi ne mu ka zo mu yaqe ku domin mu sha. Fadin haka sai cikin gogan da na jama'arsa suka duri ruwa, ba tare da bata lokaci ba bayan fara yaqin Rumawa suka rinqa arcewa suna tsoron a shanye jinainansu.

Nasarar Allah ta sauka ga Musulmi nan take.

Har wayau a wannan yaqin ne Sahabbai suka bar wani gagarumin abin tarihi wanda ba a taba ganin irinsa ba. Domin kuwa an samu ruwa kadan a lokacin tsananin qishi amma ya kasance ko wannensu yana cewa a kai ma wani dan uwansa Musulmi har sai da wasu daga cikinsu suka mutu saboda qishirwa alhalin suna zabin 'yan uwansu da wannan ruwa.

Amina Saleh Mande
29/04/2015

KHALIFANCIN ABUBAKAR DAN ABU QUHAFAH RADIYYALAHU ANHU 015

Ajali Ya Kusanto, Abubakar Ya Nemi Shawarar Sahabbai Lokacin da ciwon ajali ya tsananta ga Sarkin Musulmi Abubakar sai ya tara abokan shawararsa daga cikin Sahabbai ya nemi ra'ayinsu dangane da wanda zai gade shi. Gaba xayansu sai suka ce, mun ba ka gari, ra'ayinka shi ne namu, ko wanensu yana qoqarin ya ture ta daga kansa. Ganin haka sai Abubakar ya neme su da su yi masa jinkiri har ya sake yin nazari. Bayan haka, sai ya aika aka kira masa Abdur Rahman xan Auf ya tambaye shi kai tsaye, mene ne ra'ayinka dangane da Umar?

Abdur Rahman ya ce, duk inda ka ajiye shi ya wuce nan. Sannan ya kira Usman xan Affan ya tambaye shi, sai ya ce, baxininsa ya fi zahiri. Abubakar ya ce masa, ka kyauta ma kanka domin idan ta tsallake shi to ba inda zata faxa sai a kanka. Allah Mai zamani! Mu duba yadda mulki yake abin gudu a wancan lokaci, amma ba da daxewa ba sai duniya ta canza.A lokacin rasuwarsa, 'yarsa A'ishah Uwar Muminai tana zaune a gabansa tana koyi da wani mawaqi da yake faxin albarkacin bakinsa game da mutuwa don ta rage wa kanta damuwa. A nan ne Siddiqu ya xaga kansa ya ce da ita, me ya sa ba za ki karanta in da Allah yake cewa:( (19)(

Ma'ana:Kuma mayen mutuwa ya je da gaskiya. (Sai a ce masa)

Wannan shi ne abin da ka kasance kana bijirewa daga gare shi. Suratu Qaf, aya ta 19.

Da ciwonsa ya daxa tsananta an nemi izninsa don a kawo masa likita, sai ya ce, "Ai likita ya duba ni". Aka ce, me ya faxa? Ya ce, "Ya ce: "Ni mai aikata abin da naga dama ne". Yana nufin cewa, Allah ya san halin da yake ciki kuma ba zai fasa abinda ya hukunta ba.

Abubakar ya yi wafati a cikin watan Jimadha Akhir a shekara ta goma sha uku bayan hijira bayan ya yi shekaru biyu da watanni uku a kan wannan muqami.

Amina Saleh mande
01/05/2015

Khalifancin Umar Dan Khaddabi Radiyallahu Anhu 01

********************************************************************
Sunansa da Asalinsa
Sunansa Umar Dan Khaddabi dan Nufail dan Abdul Uzza dan Rayahi dan Abdullahi dan Qurdi dan Razahi dan Adiyyu dan Ka'abu dan Lu'ayyu dan Galibu al Adawi al Qurashi.

Ya hadu da Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama a zumunci ta wajen kakansa na takwas Ka'abu dan Lu'ayyu wanda shi ne kakan Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama na bakwai.

Mahaifiyarsa ita ce qanwar Abu Jahli, Hantamah diyar Hisham dan Mughirah daga qabilar Makhzum.
Haifuwarsa:

An haifi Sayyiduna Umar bayan yaqin nan da aka fi sani da Harbul Fijar a shekara ta Arba’in da uku kafin hijira. Don haka Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama ya girme shi da shekaru goma cif.

Siffarsa Da Dabi'unsa:

An siffanta Umar da cewa, mutum ne dogo, kakkaura, mai sanqo a kansa. Ga shi kuma jawur yake kamar qwara. Saboda tsawonsa idan ka hango shi daga nesa za ka yi tsammanin mahayi ne.

Game da Dabi'unsa kuwa, Umar ya gadi kaushin hali daga mahaifinsa. A lokacin quruciyarsa ya kasance yana yi wa mahaifin nasa kiyon raqumma. Mahaifin kuwa yana wahalar da shi sosai, yana kuma dukansa idan ya saba masa.

Mahaifin Umar, al Khaddabi ya kasance yana wahalar da qanensa Zaidu musamman ma lokacin da qanen nasa ya qyamaci bautar gumaka, ya je neman addinin gaskiya na Annabi Ibrahim. Shi kuma Umar ya kan wahalar da Dan baffansa kuma mijin qanwarsa Sa'idu dan Zaid, musamman a lokacin da ya san ya musulunta tare da matarsa.

Zamu tsaya a nan se a rubutu na gaba,

Amina Saleh Mande
06/05/2015

*Koma Saman Shafi*

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